Group+05

MERINA CASHE, KASEY FERNANDEZ, JAMIE NISHIMOTO **RESEARCH QUESTION:** //How has Rwanda redefined their ethnicity since the 1994 genocide?//
 * __GENOCIDE IN RWANDA__**

**KASEY:** Identification card article: [] ID cards were like death certificates in Rwanda. They were important factors in the speed of the killings. The group classification on identification cards in Rwanda started by the Belgian colonial government in 1933. Since 1961, the presidents of Rwanda tried to create a plan to abolish ethnic identity cards but either failed or opposed it. Identification cards helped to show the identification of victims and their ethic categories. They were important functions used by the killers in the genocide. After the genocide in 1994, the identification cards don't display each persons ethnics category.

-Rwanda's latest ethnic cleansing: http://www.slate.com/id/2098431/

Citation for Proposal: -Thanks Kasey! The divider things are real cute too!! I like how you fixed up the page a little. It's pretty :) UR WELCOME =)
 * "Difference Between Hutu and Tutsi." //Difference Between | Difference Between Similar Terms and Objects//. 13 Oct. 2009. Web. 28 Jan. 2010. .
 * Fussell, Jim. "Indangamuntu 1994: Ten years ago in Rwanda this ID Card cost a woman her life." //Prevent Genocide International//. Web. 28 Jan. 2010. .
 * Fussell, Jim. "Group Classification on National ID Cards." //Prevent Genocide International//. 15 Nov. 2001. Web. 28 Jan. 2010. .
 * "National Identification (ID) Card." //APFN//. 23 June 1997. Web. 28 Jan. 2010. 
 * "Rwanda: How the genocide happened." //BBC NEWS |// //News Front Page//. 18 Dec. 2008. Web. 28 Jan. 2010. .
 * "Rwandan Genocide." //Through My Eyes//. Web. 28 Jan. 2010. []

-How were the ethnicities of Rwanda established? (history) -What were ethnicities before and during the 1994 genocide? -What were the differences of Hutu, Tutsi, and Twa? -What are their ethnicities like today? -What have they done to change the ethnicities? -How does the Universal Declaration of Human Rights come into play with the Rwandan genocide?
 * Questions to ask ourselves :**

​ **__ OUTLINE TEMPLATE __** (Due 2/19) i. Thesis (Answer to our research question) -include introduction in thesis (2-3 sent?) ii. Section Topics (helps thesis: have research to backup topics) -Paragraph Subjects -"Quotes"/Facts iii. Conclusion

History of Hutu and Tutsi Ethnic Hatred: http://human-rights-violations.suite101.com/article.cfm/history_of_recent_hutu_and_tutsi_ethnic_hatred All about Tutsi: http://www.everyculture.com/wc/Brazil-to-Congo-Republic-of/Tutsi.html

All i added was how the Belgians treated each ethnicity. i couldn't find anything else. but the rest is good.



I really like this website, it talks bout what started the Tutsi and Hutu rivalry, what happened before and after the genocide, gives a very useful timeline, and it also gives links to sites that talk about different subjects: http://gentilea.wordpress.com/2009/05/27/welcome/

PART OF MY ROUGH DRAFT:

**JAMIE:**
-Background information on identification cards (the start of it and its influence in the world): [] []

-Difference between Hutus and Tutsis: [] Hutus and Tutsis were the main ethnic groups involved in the Rwandan Genocide. Although both ethnic groups speak the same language, Bantu, and they've been marrying each others group for years, they still are classified as "Hutu" or "Tutsi" by the way that they appear. Tutsis have slightly lighter skin, narrower features, and they are taller while the Hutus are shorter with darker skin and broader figures. "Over the years the two groups that were manufactured by the belgians began to hate each other and genocide each other. These two tribes were created by belgians, there was no difference until the belgians made one." Families were split up because of this start of creating these ethnic groups in Africa.

-Background information on Genocide (Rwanda): []

HERES ANOTHER WEBSITE THAT I ENJOYED READING: [] All started with Belgium, STUPID Belgium people!!!!!!!!!!

Essential Question: "How did the identification cards in Rwanda contribute to the Genocide?"
 * SO MUCH WEBSITES! LOL. WILL ADD INFO LATER.***
 * media type="youtube" key="__kf7TljgGs" height="246" width="312"

Questions to ask ourselves (research):** 1.) What is the history of the country-colonialism? 2.) Why identity cards in the first place? 3.) What was the effect that it had on the Genocide? 4.) Why where they distributed? -This will pretty much help us to understand our topic better. Heres an outline of what im thinking our paper should look like: NUMBAH ONE: Have in introduction NUMBAH TWO: Talk about the background of the Genocide and how it started NUMBAH THREE: Answer the questions above NUMBAH FOUR: Add a conclusion

HEY GUYS! Heres the proposal so far, read it over, make changes if you want, and i'll be printing it out tonight. Thanks! I REALLY ENJOYED THIS WEBSITE! Take a look at it when you have time it has stories from people who witnessed the genocide: [] ---IN REFERENCE TO OUR OUTLINE--- So, I'm starting to make an outline but I need help with making the bulletpoints and stuff....so if you can come up with some with what I have here, that would be great! THANKS GUYS! - When we talk about changing the focus from ethnicity to nationality, we can talk about the identity cards. **KASEY :** "so i think we should talk about the genocide first like stuff that had to do with ethnicity. or how the ethnicities were started and how they tried to remove it before the genocide actually happened. Something like this maybe? I. Thesis II. The Beginning of the Ethnicities a.how it started b. what were the ethnicities (and we can add more under here) III. how ethnicities played a part in the 1994 genocide (and then we can go on from there)
 * Thesis:** Since the 1994 genocide, the Rwandans have attempted to change the focus from ethnicity to nationality by respecting the rights of all and including everyone in the running of the country.
 * JAMIE: Hey Guys; so here is kind of a rough draft to our outline...feel free to look it over and make changes or add things to it if needed...it's not done yet...If you could post your updated version in your section of this page. DUE 2/19/2010**
 * __CHANGES MADE TO THE ID CARDS:__** __IMPORTANT:__ **[]**

__PAPER ASSIGNMENTS__ Kasey: History of Rwandan genocide Merina: History of Rwanda (Background info) Jamie: Achieving Justice Everybody: Ethnicity to Nationality PUT TOGETHER INFORMATION BY: March 25

MERINA:

Before and After Genocide:** http://genocide.change.org/blog/view/false_history_real_genocide_the_use_and_abuse_of_identity_in_rwanda uuh Brings up the idea that one of the major causes to the disputes between Hutus and Tutsis was "distortions of history" in which "skillfully exploited misconceptions about who the Tutsi were, where they had come from, and what they had one in the past. From these elements, they fueled the fear and hatred that made genocide imaginable." The Germans and the Belgians did a very good job segregating the two groups. They favored the Tutsis and in result they began giving Tutsis more advantages. Hutus were "closed off" of getting good education and soon had were denied in havng any political and economic rights. The two identities along with Twa were made official in 1926. This is when the identity cards first came into being.



=**WE ARE ALMOST PAU GUYS!!!!**=