Group+15

** __Rwandan & Darfur Genocide__ ** My Google: cmiyaki2010@gmail.com Just putting this up so we all know who's talking. Victoria Courtney Candace​

Darfur Genocide; 1. [|http://www.sudantribune.com/article.php3?id_article=11445] 2. [] 3. [|http://www.amnestyusa.org/darfur/darfur-history/page.do?id=1351103] 4. [] - -i used this for my work cited homework Hope it helps! -Victoria

The ones in yellow are done with MLA :D Rwandan Genocide: 1. [] 2. [] 3. [] --hey guys. just letting you know that i'm using this as my work cited hw 4. [] 5. [] 6. []

Darfur Genocide 1. []= 2. [] 3. [] 4. [] 5. [] 6. [] 7. [] 8. [] -Candace- More resources: [|http://www.rwanda-genocide.org/multimedia.html] [|http://www.rwanda-genocide.org/] Darfur: [|http://www.genocideindarfur.net/]

videos:

**WARNING! DISTURBING IMAGES...**

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................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. Time Line: ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Essential Question: ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Viable Sources: > ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... __Our Documents:__ **
 * Proposal---1/28
 * research about topic---1/27
 * essential question---1/26
 * all resources (group wise) 2/12
 * Outline---2/19
 * general sections---2/01
 * specific/smaller sections---2/05
 * topic sentences for each---2/11
 * proofing---2/18
 * 1st Draft---3/31
 * first 2 pages---2/28
 * last 3 pages (+ proofing yourself)---3/16
 * everyone proofing each others---3/30
 * Final Draft---4/27
 * retyped 1st draft with changes(2nd draft)---4/7
 * proofing each other---4/14
 * combining---4/26
 * Presentation---5/14
 * videos/information---5/1
 * documentation---5/4
 * information on powerpoint---5/10
 * final powerpoint---5/13
 * History
 * Duration
 * Why were they killed?
 * What went on during the genocides.(within country)
 * Ebsco
 * CNN
 * "Left to Tell"
 * Google
 * Library? sorry i dont know which one to put it in? or if it belongs there.
 * Library? sorry i dont know which one to put it in? or if it belongs there.
 * 







............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. __Outline__ I. Thesis: When comparing the two genocides (Rwanda and Darfur), there are many similarities and differences found in duration and methods. The Darfurian genocide can be stopped in many different ways, it's just a matter of taking the time to attempt to stop it.

Hey everyone! here's my part of the thesis. Hope it's okay.

The Darfur and Rwandan genocides have affected millions of people around the world because of what the victims had to go through each day. For example, people were being killed and land was being destroyed. As a result, over 1 million people live in poverty. The similarities and differences between these two genocides varies because one is still going on today. However, the Rwandan and Darfur genocides are similar by how the victims were killed. The women were raped, the Hutus and Janjaweeds used guns, people were being forced to migrate and their properties were being taken away from them.

II. History/Overview:

A. Rwanda B. Darfur
 * One of the most intensive killing campaigns in human history.
 * Lasted 3 months (April to June 1994).
 * The Hutus killed 800,000 Tutsis, leaving their bodies on the streets.
 * Began when the Rwandan President Juvenal Habyarimana’s plane was shot down on April 6, 1994.
 * The radio spread propaganda on the Tutsis, calling them “cockroaches”.
 * Hutu militia carried machetes, clubs, guns and grenades.
 * Everyone in Rwanda carried identification cards specifying their ethnic background. These cards determined whether you will die or not.
 * The presidential guard and radio propaganda encouraged the Interahamwe to come together. There were a total of 30,000 men.
 * 300,000 men, women, and children have died.
 * 2.6 million People have lost their homes and live in refugee camps.
 * An unknown number of women and girls have been abducted, raped, and abused.
 * A generation of children has reached school-age not knowing a home.
 * Began in February 2003 and is still going on to this day.
 * The first genocide of the 21st century.
 * The Janjaweed, a loosely organized Arab militia force of 20,000 men were responsible for this horrific event.
 * One of the world's worst human rights and humanitarian catasrophes.

III. Similarities: >> IV. Differences: V. Why were they killed:
 * Killings
 * Why they did it:
 * Ethnic and Racial Identities
 * How they did it:
 * Forced Migration of People
 * Taking of People's Properties
 * They would use weapons to kill people in their homes or outside their homes and take their things.
 * Shutting down roads
 * They would block the roads so the other race couldn't get away and would be killed.
 * Rape
 * They would rape women, gang rape, and then kill the women.
 * Guns
 * They would use guns to quickly kill the other race or ethnic background.
 * Places to go:
 * both had/have refugees
 * Darfur-longer and still going on
 * Weapons used to kill
 * Darfur-got weapons from money that china provided (china pays for oil in Africa)
 * Darfur-used more advanced weapons
 * planes, bombs, guns, etc
 * Rwanda-used whatever they could find
 * machetes, guns, etc
 * Reasons for killing
 * Darfur-ethnic cleansing
 * Janjaweed are supported and paid by government to kill
 * Rwanda- Hutus wanted revenge for past government disputes
 * were bribed by other Hutus to kill all Tutsis in sight. briberies- money, land, etc
 * Killers, victims
 * Darfur- The Janjaweed are killing innocent citizens in Darfur
 * Rwanda- The Hutus killed the Tutsis, a minority tribe
 * Places of refugee
 * Darfur- Try to escape to neighboring countries
 * Rwanda- Refugee camps held within Rwanda hosted by French troops

A. Rwanda B. Darfur
 * Attracted Tutsis, mostly herdsmen, from northern Africa.
 * Tutsis were landowners and Hutus were the ones who worked the land.
 * Belgians chose the Tutsis because they were landowners, tall, and to Europeans the more aristocratic in apperance.
 * Tutsis began to behave like aristocrats, and the Hutus were being treated like peasants.
 * The Hutus didn't like that the Tutsis were more high in power than they were, so they decided that they will "eliminate" all the Tutsis in Rwanda.
 * The Sudanese government forces and the Janjaweed, an ally Arab militia, have committed war crimes against humanity, and acts of ethnic cleansing.
 * The Janjaweed have "systematically" targeted civilians from Darfur. Because of this, crimes against humanity are considered genocide.

VI. How it can be stopped:
 * Gain as much knowledge about Darfur as possible
 * share the knowledge with others
 * Join an activist group in local community
 * Donate financially
 * Volunteer
 * at local protest groups (against UN, china, etc)
 * in Darfur
 * think of new ways to let others know about the genocide
 * Write letters to UN

VII. Conclusion: When comparing the two genocides (Rwanda and Darfur), there are many similarities and differences found in duration and methods. The Darfurian genocide can be stopped in many different way, it's just a matter of taking the time to attempt to stop it. .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... __Works Cited__ __Works Cited__ "Genocide in the 20th Century." //The History Place//. 1999. The History Place. Web. 18 Feb. 2010. . "Rwanda country profile." //BBC NEWS//. 25 Feb 2010. BBC. Web. 18 Feb. 2010. . "Shaming China on Darfur." //The New York Times//. 31 May 2007. The New York Times. Web. 18 Feb. 2010. . "Talking About Genocide- Genocides." //Peace Pledge Union//. Peace Pledge Union. Web. 18 Feb. 2010. . --"UN admits Rwanda genocide failure." //BBC News//. 15 April 2000. __BBC__. Web. 18 Feb. 2010. . “Genocide in Darfur//.//” //GenocideInDarfur.net//. Web. 18 Feb. 2010. . Des Forges, Alison L. "Shame; Rationalizing Western Apathy on Rwanda." //Global Policy Forum//. May 2000. Global Policy Forum. Web. 18 Feb. 2010. . "UN actions to end Darfur ‘genocide’ too little, too late." //UN New Centre//. 28 Sept 2007. Web. 18 Feb. 2010. . Des Forges, Alison L., and Alan J. Kuperman. "Shame: Rationalizing Western Apathy on Rwanda." //Foreign Affairs//. June 2000. Council on Foreign Relations. Web. 18 Feb. 2010. . Graydon, Jody. "How to Stop the Genocide in Darfur." //Suite101.com//. 09 Nov 2008. Suite 101.com. Web. 18 Feb. 2010. . Lynch, Colum. "U.N. Authorizes 26,000 Peacekeeping Troops for Darfur." //The Washington Post//. 01 Aug 2007. The Washington Post Company. Web. 18 Feb. 2010. . --Malek, Cate. "The Darfur Region of the Sudan." //Beyond Intractability//. July 2005. The __Beyond Intractability Project__. Web. 18 Feb. 2010. . Reeves, Eric. "Genocide in Darfur - How the Horror Began -." //Sudan Tribune//. 03 Sept 2005. Star Tribune. Web. 18 Feb. 2010. . Schorn, Daniel. "Rwandan Genocide Survivor Recalls Horror.” //CBS News//. 01 July 2007. CBS News. Web. 19 Feb. 2010. []. "genocide." __Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary__. 2010. Merriam-Webster Online. 7 March 2010 

Prendergast, John, and Omer Ismail. "Genocide in Darfur: How Sudan covers it up." //Christian Science Monitor// Mar. 2010: N.PAG. //Middle Search Plus//. EBSCO. Web. 10 Mar. 2010. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: right;">Victoria Ah Mook Sang <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**__Works Cited:__**

"History of the Darfur Conflict." //Amnesty International USA - Protect Human Rights//. Web. 18 Feb. 2010. [].

"Save Darfur | The Genocide in Darfur - Briefing Paper." //Save Darfur//. Web. 18 Feb. 2010. [].

"The History Place - Genocide in the 20th Century." The Hisotry Place. Web. 18 Feb. 2010. []<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">.


 * __Rough Draft:__**


 * __History/Overview__**

"Genocide" is a word that varies in each person, especially if you don't know the history of it. As for me, when I hear the word "genocide", I think of Africa and the Rwandan & Darfur genocides. Until last year, I never heard the word "genocide" before. Now that I have a brief knowledge of what it is, I'm in complete shock of how the victims were affected, physically and emotionally. The two genocides that I've studied are the Rwandan and Darfur genocides. These events might not have happened in your own backyard, but it sort of affects everyone because they see how it happened so that makes them want to do something. Learning about these two genocides have been an emotional rollercoaster for me because I felt as if I was actually there with the rest of the women. The Rwandan genocide was "one of the most intensive killing campaigns in human history" (History Place). Rwanda was made up of two ethnic groups: the Hutus and the Tutsis. Before the genocide, the Tutsis were high in power, and they were taking advantage of the Hutus. Not agreeing with them, the Hutus decided that they wanted no more so they decided to eliminate everyone who was Tutsi, which resulted in the Rwandan genocide. "On April 6, 1994 Juvenal Habyarimana, the Rwandan president, was killed when his plane was shot down" (History Place), which was the official start of the genocide. It lasted for 3 months, which was from April to June of 1994. During this short time period, "over 800,000 Tutsis were killed" (History Place). When I first heard of the Rwandan genocide, it didn’t really dawn to me until I realized how many people were affected. One way that the Hutus were so successful in killing the Tutsis was because of the radio. "They used it to spread propaganda on the Tutsis, calling them “cockroaches”" (History Place). Identification cards were another way that the Hutus were successful. "Everyone in Rwanda carried it, which specified their ethnic background" (History Place). So in the end, I think the Rwandan genocide is an event that I’ll never forget, even though it happened 16 years ago.

On the other hand, the Darfur genocide is a different story. It’s still considered genocide, but it’s not the same as the Rwandan one. The Darfur genocide was " o ne of the world's worst human rights and humanitarian catastrophes" (Save Darfur). Being the first genocide of the 21st century is another reason why the Darfur genocide is different. It began in February 2003 and is still going on to this day, which I don’t understand. The UN shouldn’t sit back and do nothing. They should do everything in their power to stop it once and for all. "So far, approximately 300,000 men, women, and children have died, 2.6 million people have lost their homes and now live in refugee camps, and an unknown number of women were abducted, raped, and abused" (Darfur Conflict). The Janjaweeds are the ones responsible for this horrific event, "consisting of 20,000 Arab men" (Darfur Conflict). When I first heard of the Darfur genocide, I was in complete shock because I couldn’t believe something like this was happening again. First Rwanda, and now Darfur. People shouldn’t treat each other like this. ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Candace Miyaki **__Rwanda & Darfur Genocides__** Genocide is thought to be the killing of innocent people; however, this is not the case for all genocides. The term genocide is defined to be “the deliberate and systematic destruction of a racial, political, or cultural group (“genocide”).” This definition may be vague and because misleading, it does not state the time or duration that genocide must occur, neither the time or place. This means that genocides can be very diverse. For example, the Darfurian genocide is different than the Rwandan genocide. These two genocides, although classified by the same horrifying word, have various differences, such as location, victim’s ethnicity, and much more. Darfur was a hard country to live in even before the genocide started, with scarce amounts of water and grazing areas. The country suffered with bandits who are known as the Janjaweed, meaning “a man with a gun on a horse” (Koerner). The members of the Janjaweed would go from town to town looting whatever they could from non-Arab citizens, otherwise known as “Africans” (Koerner). The non-Arab tribe is comprised of three main groups, the Fur, the Massaleit, and the Zaghawa (Reeves). This was their normal routine until a third party intervened; a combination of the Sudan Liberation Army and the Justice and Equality Movement rebelled against the Sudanese government. After the rebellion, the Janjaweed retaliated and became even more violent, raiding more than usual, raping all women, burning their towns, kidnapping young boys and training them to kill, and sometimes killing anyone in sight. This was the start of the Darfur genocide, and there was no end in sight. The Janjaweed, who were first seen as a rebel group, are now seen as paid officials who are paid by the Sudanese government after raiding villages. Although the Sudanese government refuses to admit that the Janjaweed are working for them, there is proof that they are carrying out their dirty work. People can see that they wear identical uniforms to that which the Sudanese army wears (Koerner), they obtain more modern, updated weapons often, and the documents of militia activity in Sudan has shown that “it’s been specifically supported by the Sudan government officials” (Reeves). With all their connections to the government, there is no doubt that there is a strong relationship between the government and the Janjaweed. The Darfur genocide started in February 2003. We do not know the exact day because the country had previously suffered from diseases and malnutrition. The numbers of deaths by the hands of the Janjaweed are unknown because, the people of Darfur have been dying from various diseases. The Janjaweed go from town to town, stealing what they can, raping women, taking innocent boys to become part of their army, and much more. Burning and stealing from the “Africans” is also another reason why the “Africans” are dying, they have nothing to eat and no home to go to for shelter. However, the UN has said that “deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part (Reeves).” In other words, whether the Janjaweed has killed people directly, or indirectly, such as killing their crops so they starve, it is still considered genocide (Reeves). After the start of the Darfur genocide, the UN pushed the issue aside and tried to hide any evidence of it. It is not hard to say that the Darfur genocide was ignored as long as possible. Now, because of the failure of the UN to act, more than 200,000 people have been killed, and over 2 million citizens were forced out of their homes, seeking shelter in bordering countries (Reeves). On July 31, 2007, the UN Security Council allowed about 26,000 UN peacekeepers to help end the genocide in Darfur (Lynch). The UNhas finally taken steps, but it may take many more months, maybe even years, in order to fully stop the genocide. Help was sent back in 2007, but we can still see the heinous crimes of the Sudanese government and the Janjaweed are still apparent in 2010. Rwanda is a small country in “the heart of” Africa where water and vegetation are easier to find compared to Darfur (“Talking about Genocide”). The country is comprised of 3 tribes, the main two being the Hutu and the Tutsi. Just like Darfur, Rwanda had many earlier conflicts within their country that influenced the Rwandan genocide greatly. Several years ago, the Belgian government controlled Rwanda. The government wanted to choose a certain tribe to be part of the higher classes. They later chose the Tutsis, the minority tribe, to rule as part of the aristocracy, leaving the Hutus envious. When Rwanda gained independence in 1962, the Hutus revolted against the Tutsis, forcing many of them to neighboring countries. These Tutsis joined together to form a force against the Hutus, known as the Rwandan Patriotic Front, RPF. This force later helped to end the bloody genocide (“Genocide in the 20th Century”). On April 6th, 1994, the plane carrying the President of Rwanda at the time, Habyalimana, was shot down. This was the bomb that set off the Rwandan genocide. After the plane crashed, some individuals that still hated Tutsis from the time of the Belgian government began to demand all Hutus to start killing all Tutsis they saw. Being obedient citizens as they were, slowly but surely the Hutus killed any Tutsi in sight. The Rwandan genocide had started (“Genocide in the 20th Century”). Surprisingly, the Hutus cruelty was so harsh, that they sometimes forced the men of the Tutsi households to kill their own families before they killed the men. The once safe churches and religious sanctions were now one of the bloodiest places to be. Before the genocide, killers looking to kill their victims would never kill in these places. However, during the genocide, protection sought by Tutsis and Hutus that held power that would go to these places were futile. In fact, any protection that was sought was futile. The Hutu extremists were everywhere, blocking ways to bordering countries, on the side of road ways making sure that no Tutsis were to pass, even in homes waiting to attack their next victim. With nowhere to go and nowhere to turn, Rwandans faced the same helplessness as the Darfurians do; the only difference is the Rwandans had the RPF while the Darfurians have no one. The Rwandan genocide was also ignored by the UN until it was too late. The UN failed to act, but the RPF did not. They ended the genocide by invading Rwanda, pushing the Hutu extremists out of the country (Des Forges). The bloody Rwandan genocide ended in June of 1994, killing over 800,000 innocent Tutsis, Hutus, and anyone that got in the way of the killing sprees. Although it was shorter than the Darfur genocide, it killed many and also ignored by the UN (Des Forges). The ongoing Darfurian genocide can be stopped. The amount of killings and raiding has been going down; however, it is still occurring. Nevertheless, we can stop it. We can start by spreading the knowledge of the genocide to others. We can also join protest groups and write letters to the UN to stop the genocide, and to protest the UN’s procrastination to act. If we are successful, we can convince the UN to send troops now, not years later (Graydon).
 * Differences:**
 * How it can be stopped:**